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XML, or eXtensible Markup Language, is a versatile markup language designed to store and transport data. It allows for the creation of custom tags to facilitate the organization and structure of information, making it both human-readable and machine-readable.
One of the primary features of XML is its extensibility, which means that users can define their own tags, enabling the representation of complex data structures. This flexibility makes XML an ideal choice for a wide range of applications, from web services to configuration files.
XML documents are structured as a tree of elements, each defined by opening and closing tags, encapsulating data within a hierarchy. This hierarchical structure allows for nested elements, providing a clear representation of relationships between different data points.
In addition to its extensibility, XML supports a variety of data types and structures, including attributes and namespaces, which further enhance its capability to represent complex datasets. It also adheres to strict syntax rules, ensuring that XML documents are well-formed and can be validated against defined schemas.
XML is widely used in web development, particularly for data interchange between web services using protocols like SOAP and REST. It is also commonly used in document formats, such as SVG for vector graphics and XHTML as an extension of HTML.
Furthermore, XML is utilized in various industries for purposes such as data storage, configuration management, and data serialization. Its compatibility with numerous programming languages and platforms makes it a popular choice for developers.
Despite the rise of alternative formats like JSON, XML remains a relevant and powerful tool for data representation and exchange, particularly in contexts where document structure and validation are paramount.