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XHTML, or Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, is a reformulation of HTML 4.01 as an XML 1.0 application. This format was developed to bridge the gap between the traditional HTML and the stricter syntactical requirements of XML. By enforcing a stricter parsing model, XHTML ensures that web documents are more consistent and reliable across different platforms and devices.
One of the primary features of XHTML is its ability to be served as both a web page and an XML document. This dual capability allows developers to leverage the benefits of both formats, using XHTML to create complex web applications that are also compliant with XML standards. The strict syntax rules of XHTML—such as the requirement for all elements to be properly nested and closed—help prevent errors that could lead to rendering issues in browsers.
Furthermore, XHTML supports the same core features as HTML, including the ability to incorporate multimedia elements, forms, and links. However, the emphasis on structure and syntax in XHTML also encourages better coding practices, making it easier to maintain and update web content over time. As a result, it is particularly favored in environments where content needs to be reused or repurposed, such as in content management systems and web services.
Despite its advantages, XHTML has faced competition from HTML5, which has incorporated many of XHTML's features while relaxing some of its strict syntax rules. Nevertheless, XHTML remains a valuable option for developers who prioritize strict compliance and want to ensure maximum interoperability with XML-based technologies.