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The JPEG format is a lossy compression method for digital images, particularly effective for photographs and images with gradients. Developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group in the early 1990s, it has become one of the most common image formats used on the web and in digital photography. The compression algorithm reduces file size by discarding some image data, which can result in a slight loss of quality, especially at higher compression levels.
JPEG supports a range of color depths and can handle millions of colors, making it suitable for complex images. The format uses a variety of techniques, including chroma subsampling, to minimize file size while maintaining acceptable visual fidelity. While JPEG is excellent for photographs, it is not ideal for images with sharp edges or text, where other formats like PNG may be preferred.
One of the key features of the JPEG format is its ability to adjust the compression level, allowing users to choose between higher quality (larger file size) and lower quality (smaller file size) depending on their needs. This flexibility has contributed to its popularity across various platforms and devices. JPEG files typically have the .jpg or .jpeg file extension and can be easily shared and uploaded across the internet.
Despite its advantages, the JPEG format has some limitations, including a lack of support for transparency and the fact that multiple saves at high compression can lead to generational loss of quality. Nonetheless, it remains the go-to format for most digital imaging needs, from personal photography to professional graphics.